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Osteoarthritis

Conditions

About Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and the underlying bone in a joint. It commonly affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine, as well as the hands and fingers. Osteoarthritis causes pain, stiffness, and reduced joint mobility, leading to significant impairment in daily activities.

Possible Causes of Osteoarthritis (with descriptions)

  • Age: The risk of osteoarthritis increases with age as wear and tear on the joints accumulate over time.
  • Joint Overuse: Repetitive stress on the joints from activities such as lifting, bending, or kneeling can contribute to cartilage breakdown.
  • Joint Injury: Previous joint injuries or trauma, such as fractures or ligament tears, can increase the risk of osteoarthritis.
  • Obesity: Excess body weight places added strain on the joints, particularly in weight-bearing joints like the knees and hips, accelerating cartilage degeneration.
  • Genetics: Family history may play a role in the development of osteoarthritis, indicating a genetic predisposition to the condition.
  • Joint Misalignment: Abnormal joint alignment or biomechanics can lead to uneven distribution of forces within the joint, contributing to cartilage wear.

Symptoms Linked to Osteoarthritis

  • Joint pain, especially after activity or prolonged periods of rest
  • Stiffness in the affected joint, particularly in the morning or after sitting for extended periods
  • Swelling or tenderness around the joint
  • Decreased range of motion, making it difficult to bend or straighten the joint
  • Grating sensation or crepitus with joint movement

Diagnosing Osteoarthritis

  • Medical History Review to assess symptoms, previous injuries, and risk factors
  • Physical Examination to evaluate joint function, range of motion, and signs of inflammation
  • X-rays to visualize joint damage, including cartilage loss, bone spurs, and joint deformities
  • MRI or CT scans to assess soft tissue damage and joint abnormalities
  • Joint Fluid Analysis (arthrocentesis) to rule out other causes of joint pain, such as infection or inflammation

Treating Osteoarthritis

  • Lifestyle Modifications such as weight loss, regular exercise, and joint protection techniques
  • Medications including analgesics, NSAIDs, or corticosteroid injections for pain relief and inflammation reduction
  • Physical Therapy to strengthen muscles, improve joint stability, and enhance flexibility
  • Joint Supplements such as glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate to support cartilage health
  • Assistive Devices such as braces, splints, or orthotic inserts to provide support and relieve joint stress
  • Injections such as hyaluronic acid or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to lubricate the joint and promote healing
  • Surgical Interventions including arthroscopic debridement, osteotomy, or joint replacement for severe cases

Possible Treatments