Overview
The knee is a complex joint that relies on bone, cartilage, ligaments and tendons working together. Pain can come from any of these structures and may follow an injury or develop gradually.
An exam and, when needed, imaging help pinpoint the cause. Treatment ranges from rest, therapy and bracing to injections and arthroscopic surgery.
Watch: Knee Pain explained
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Common symptoms
- Pain around or behind the kneecap
- Swelling
- Locking, catching or giving way
- Stiffness
- Pain with kneeling, squatting or stairs
Causes and risk factors
- Osteoarthritis
- Meniscus tear
- Ligament sprain or tear
- Patellar tendinitis
- Bursitis
How it is diagnosed
Your clinician will review your history, examine the joint and may order X-rays, ultrasound, MRI or blood tests to look for inflammation or other causes.
Treatment options
Care is stepped: most people start with self-care and physical therapy, and move to the next step only if pain continues. Some problems, such as nerve weakness, may skip ahead. Your exam, imaging and goals decide which options fit you.
Self-care and lifestyle
Ice or heat, activity changes and strengthening the hip and thigh muscles.
Physical therapy and medications
Physical therapy and short-term medicines.
Injections and nerve blocks
Joint or bursa injections depending on the cause.
Minimally invasive procedures
Viscosupplementation or PRP in selected cases.
Surgical evaluation
Arthroscopic surgery for certain tears or mechanical symptoms.
Learn how we approach care: our care philosophy · nonsurgical options · second opinions.
When to seek urgent care
Seek prompt care for a hot, red, swollen joint with fever, inability to bear weight after an injury, sudden severe symptoms, or any symptom that worries you.
Frequently asked questions
When is knee pain an emergency?
Seek urgent care if you cannot bear weight, the knee looks deformed, or it is hot, red and swollen with fever.
Do I need an MRI?
Not always. An MRI may be ordered if a meniscus or ligament tear is suspected or symptoms do not improve.
What can I do at home?
Short-term rest, ice, elevation and gentle motion can help after a minor strain. Get evaluated if pain persists.
This page is general patient education and does not replace advice from your own clinician. Individual results vary.