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Degenerative Disc Disease

Conditions

About Degenerative Disc Disease

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a condition characterized by the breakdown of one or more intervertebral discs in the spine. As the discs lose hydration and elasticity over time, they become less effective as shock absorbers, leading to pain and other symptoms.

Possible Causes of Degenerative Disc Disease (with descriptions)

Degenerative disc disease can have various causes, including:

  • Aging: With age, the discs in the spine naturally degenerate due to wear and tear, leading to DDD.
  • Genetics: Genetic factors can predispose individuals to disc degeneration and DDD.
  • Spinal Trauma: Injury or trauma to the spine, such as from a fall or accident, can accelerate disc degeneration.
  • Poor Posture and Mechanics: Improper body mechanics and repetitive movements can contribute to premature disc degeneration.
  • Lifestyle Factors: Factors such as smoking, obesity, and sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of DDD.

Symptoms Linked to Degenerative Disc Disease

Common symptoms associated with degenerative disc disease include:

  • Back pain that worsens with movement
  • Pain that radiates to the buttocks, hips, or legs (if nerve compression occurs)
  • Stiffness and reduced flexibility in the spine
  • Numbness or tingling sensations in the extremities
  • Weakened muscles or muscle spasms

Diagnosing Degenerative Disc Disease

Diagnosing degenerative disc disease typically involves a combination of medical history review, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
  • X-rays
  • Discography (for confirming disc involvement)

Treating Degenerative Disc Disease

Treatment for degenerative disc disease aims to relieve symptoms, improve function, and prevent further degeneration. It may include:

  • Medications (e.g., pain relievers, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatories)
  • Physical Therapy and Exercise
  • Spinal Decompression Therapy
  • Epidural Steroid Injections
  • Regenerative Therapies (e.g., Platelet-Rich Plasma, Stem Cell Therapy)
  • Surgery (e.g., Spinal Fusion, Artificial Disc Replacement)

Possible Treatments

Treatments for degenerative disc disease offered by interventional pain management physicians and orthopedic surgeons may include: