Fibromyalgia
Conditions
About Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties. It is considered a central sensitization syndrome, involving abnormalities in how the brain and spinal cord process pain signals.
Possible Causes of Fibromyalgia (with descriptions)
The exact cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, but potential factors may include:
- Genetics: There may be a genetic predisposition to fibromyalgia, as it tends to run in families.
- Abnormal Pain Processing: Individuals with fibromyalgia may have heightened sensitivity to pain due to abnormal processing of pain signals in the central nervous system.
- Neurochemical Imbalances: Dysregulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine may contribute to symptoms of fibromyalgia.
- Physical or Emotional Trauma: Traumatic events, including physical injuries or psychological stressors, may trigger the onset of fibromyalgia symptoms.
- Infections: Some infections, such as viral or bacterial illnesses, have been associated with the development of fibromyalgia in susceptible individuals.
Symptoms Linked to Fibromyalgia
Common symptoms associated with fibromyalgia include:
- Widespread musculoskeletal pain, often described as aching, burning, or stabbing
- Fatigue and exhaustion, despite adequate rest
- Sleep disturbances, including difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
- Cognitive difficulties, such as memory problems or difficulty concentrating (referred to as "fibro fog")
- Mood disturbances, including depression, anxiety, or irritability
Diagnosing Fibromyalgia
Diagnosing fibromyalgia can be challenging and often involves ruling out other conditions with similar symptoms. Diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia may include:
- Widespread Pain Index (WPI) assessment
- Symptom Severity Scale (SSS) assessment
- Physical Examination to assess tender points
- Review of Medical History and Symptomatology
Treating Fibromyalgia
Treatment for fibromyalgia aims to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and enhance functionality. It may include:
- Medications (e.g., antidepressants, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants)
- Physical Therapy and Exercise Programs
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) or other psychological interventions
- Stress Management Techniques (e.g., relaxation exercises, mindfulness)
- Sleep Hygiene Practices
- Alternative Therapies (e.g., acupuncture, massage therapy, yoga)
Possible Treatments
Treatments for fibromyalgia offered by interventional pain management physicians and orthopedic surgeons may include: